Pipe freezing happens when water inside a pipe gets cold enough to turn to ice, which expands and can crack or split the pipe. It doesn't take a deep freeze for this to happen, especially for pipes that run through an uninsulated garage, crawl space, or exterior wall. A little preparation goes a long way.
Why Pipes Freeze Even in Mild Climates
Pipes that run along exterior walls, through unheated garages, or under crawl spaces don't get the benefit of your home's indoor heating. On a cold night, these pipes can drop below freezing even while the rest of the house stays comfortable.
Steps to Protect Your Pipes
- 1
Insulate exposed pipes
Foam pipe sleeves are inexpensive and easy to install on pipes in garages, crawl spaces and exterior walls.
- 2
Disconnect outdoor hoses
Water left in a hose or outdoor faucet can freeze and back up into the pipe behind it.
- 3
Let faucets drip on cold nights
A slow trickle keeps water moving, which makes freezing much less likely.
- 4
Open cabinet doors
Opening cabinets under sinks lets warm household air reach the pipes behind them.
- 5
Seal drafts near pipes
Caulk gaps where pipes pass through exterior walls to keep cold air from reaching them directly.
Quick tip: If you'll be away from home during a cold spell, don't turn your heat off completely. Keeping it at a low, steady setting protects your pipes while you're gone.
What to Do If a Pipe Already Froze
If you turn on a faucet and get little or no water, a pipe may already be frozen. Leave the faucet open, and if you can safely see the frozen section, apply gentle heat with a hair dryer or warm towels. Never use an open flame. If you suspect the pipe has cracked, shut off your main water valve and call for emergency repair before it thaws and starts leaking.